Relates to optical technology applications in the areas of lasers, optical fibers, lithography, optical measurement systems, microscopes, lenses, optical communication, digital photography, LED and OLED lighting, cameras in phones, displays and solar cells

Includes innovative technologies, such as 3D printing, robotics, automation, modern machine tools, measuring/control/testing devices for machines, automated and IT-based manufacturing, aiming to advance products or processes3, for example, by improving material and energy efficiency

Includes enzymes, micro-organisms, amino acids and fermentation processes; excluding biotechnology for healthcare and agriculture. Industrial biotechnology is used for products such as bio-fuels, detergents, materials including plastics, rubber tyres, and chemical building blocks

Deals with methods to manufacture structures on a molecular or atomic scale.
Examples of applications include nanomedicine for improved healthcare, as well as carbon nanotubes for lighter materials and for higher conductivity and improved energy management

Covers a broad area of innovation in materials such as lightweight materials, low-carbon material energy solutions and other, including polymers, macromolecular compounds, rubber, metals, glass, ceramics, other non-metallic materials and fibers, as well as the whole field of nanomaterials and specialty materials for electric or magnetic applications

Relates to the smallest and smartest of electronic components and systems that interact with each other. Examples include semiconductors, advanced sensors, power components, piezo-electrics and electronic chips